This entry discusses the role and impact of gender with respect to environmental crimes and harms. Particular attention is given to the status and position of women in the context of environmental change and disaster, as well as their experiences as victims and survivors of environmental harm. Recurring themes include violence against women and children, and the gendered nature of threats to environmental and personal security. This entry also considers the agency of women as both activists defending the environment and significant players in the commission of environmental crimes. Issues of gender inequality are central to understanding differences between women and men in regard to the dynamics, impacts, and consequences of environmental crime